Around 10 percent of pregnant women worldwide experience hypertension, or high blood pressure. Preeclampsia and eclampsia tend to occur in pregnant women with hypertension. Preeclampsia itself is a pregnancy complication caused by high blood pressure or other factors.<\/p>\n
However, eclampsia does not occur in most pregnant women with preeclampsia. Only a small percentage experience it, and it cannot be predicted with certainty. While the exact cause is unknown, several factors can contribute to eclampsia, including: blood vessel disorders, diet or nutritional intake, genes, neurological disorders, immune system disorders, hormonal factors, heart problems, and infections. Unlike epilepsy, seizures in eclampsia are not directly related to brain disorders, although neurological disorders in the brain can be a contributing factor.<\/p>\n
Who is More at Risk
\nBased on existing cases, it has been found that women with preeclampsia are at high risk of experiencing seizures if they experience certain conditions. In addition to severe preeclampsia, women with the following conditions are at increased risk of developing eclampsia.<\/p>\n
Headache.
\nHypertension.
\nWhen pregnant, the age is over 35 years or under 20 years.
\nFirst pregnancy.
\nPregnant with twins.
\nHave a history of malnutrition.
\nHave kidney problems.
\nHaving diabetes.
\nStomach ache.
\nAbnormal blood test results.
\nVisual disturbances.
\nOverweight.
\nDifficulty urinating.
\nAdditionally, obesity, blood clotting disorders, and lupus are also suspected risk factors for eclampsia. The main symptoms of eclampsia are hypertension and high levels of protein in the urine after 20 weeks of gestation. High blood pressure in preeclampsia can damage blood vessels, disrupting blood flow. This condition causes blood vessel swelling, which ultimately disrupts brain function, triggering seizures. Proteinuria, or the presence of protein in the urine, occurs because preeclampsia affects kidney function. However, there are cases where eclampsia occurs without hypertension or protein in the urine.<\/p>\n
Detecting Symptoms and Treating Eclampsia
\nEclampsia symptoms generally begin with preeclampsia symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, headaches, visual disturbances such as blurred vision, muscle pain, and swelling of the hands and face. In other words, eclampsia is preeclampsia that has worsened and affects the brain, causing seizures. Symptoms of eclampsia include seizures, fainting, and severe restlessness. If these symptoms occur during pregnancy, you should see a doctor immediately for appropriate examination and treatment.<\/p>\n
Eclampsia is a medical emergency in pregnant women. If not treated early, pregnant women with preeclampsia, or more seriously, those who have already developed eclampsia, are at risk of complications such as permanent brain nerve damage, brain hemorrhage, kidney and liver damage, or, most fatally, death. Eclampsia is thought to cause approximately 13 percent of maternal deaths worldwide.<\/p>\n
Seizures in eclampsia typically last 60-75 seconds and can be divided into two phases. The first phase lasts about 15-20 seconds, and the second phase lasts 60 seconds. The coma phase, however, has no definite duration. After the seizure, the patient will regain consciousness without remembering the seizure. Head trauma, tongue biting, and bone fractures are possible complications of a seizure. During a seizure, brain activity is disrupted, causing blurred vision, body shaking, and a decreased level of consciousness.<\/p>\n
In addition to a physical examination, regularly checking blood pressure and respiratory rate as the initial steps in treating eclampsia, the doctor will also perform a urine test to check for protein in the urine. A creatinine test is also needed to detect creatinine levels in the blood. Creatinine is a metabolic waste product produced by muscles. High creatinine levels can indicate kidney problems. This condition can also occur in preeclampsia, but high creatinine levels in a blood test do not always indicate preeclampsia. It is also important to have a checkup to detect the possibility that these symptoms are not caused by preeclampsia, but could be caused by other conditions such as diabetes or kidney disease. Therefore, regular prenatal checkups with a doctor or midwife during pregnancy are essential for evaluating the health of pregnant women. Antenatal checkups also play a crucial role in early diagnosis of preeclampsia to ensure the health of both mother and fetus.<\/p>\n
The definitive treatment for preeclampsia is delivery. Therefore, pregnant women with preeclampsia will be closely monitored leading up to delivery to determine the appropriate course of delivery. This condition generally resolves soon after the baby is born. However, if complications arise, doctors may perform placental abruption and a cesarean section to save the baby. Delivering the baby as soon as possible is the best course of action to prevent severe preeclampsia from progressing to eclampsia. However, premature babies are more susceptible to complications.<\/p>\n
The best way to prevent eclampsia is to manage it appropriately. This includes having your pregnancy checked by a doctor to monitor blood pressure and protein levels in your urine. Your doctor can also prescribe anticonvulsants and medications to treat hypertension. Additionally, during pregnancy, ensure you consume enough calcium in your daily diet. For pregnant women at high risk of developing preeclampsia, early treatment is essential to prevent preeclampsia from progressing to eclampsia. Doctors may prescribe low-dose aspirin to pregnant women with preeclampsia around 12 to 16 weeks of gestation. Giving low-dose aspirin to high-risk pregnancies is also useful for reducing the risk of premature birth and infant death.<\/p>\n
Considering that eclampsia is a fatal condition that can threaten the lives of both the mother and the fetus, pregnant women, especially those with preeclampsia, need to have their pregnancy checked regularly so that the pregnancy can proceed well.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sekitar 10 persen Ibu hamil di seluruh dunia mengalami hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi. Preeklampsia dan eklampsia cenderung terjadi pada ibu hamil dengan hipertensi. Preeklampsia sendiri [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-info-kesehatan"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n